χηλήs) into smaller, claw-like hooves (
ὀνυχίστήρs). (Per Wikipedia:
The two digits of cloven-hooved animals...are called claws.... The space between the two claws is called the interdigital cleft....) Gk. ὄνυξ is a talon, claw, or fingernail: Ez. 17:3: ὁ ἀετὸς ὁ μέγας...πλήρης ὀνύχων, the great eagle full of talons; Ez. 17:7: ἀετός ἕτερος μέγας...πολὺς ὄνυχιν, another great eagle (with) many talons; DnTh 4:33: οἱ ὄνυχες αὐοῦ ὡς ὀρνέων, his fingernails (grew) as (those) of birds; DnTh 7:19: ὄνυχες αὐτοῦ χαλκοῖ, (the fourth beast's) claws (were) of brass.
their madibular motions are similar to chewing cud, but the hyrax is physically incapable of regurgitation). The point again is not that they do "chew the cud," but that chewing the cud alone is not enough to qualify as clean. So even if they do appear to chew the cud, they're unclean because they are not cloven hoofed. (Unlike hares and rabbits, hyraxes do not redigest their food, neither cud nor cecotrope.)
All winged [flying] animals that creep are unclean to you; ye shall not eat of them[Brenton]. (Non-flying invertebrates and small, "crawling" vertebrates are prohibited in Lv. 11:29.) Lv. 11:20-22 defines an exception for four types of locust to the general prohibition in Deuteronomy: within the prohibition against all flying invertebrates, there is a subset of flying, six-legged insects that walk on four feet [which incl. mantises and Nymphalidae butterflies], which is still prohibited as a whole; but within this subset is another subset that have an additional pair of legs for leaping [which excl. mantises and Nymphalidae butterflies]; within this subset are four types of locusts that are permitted.
fighting with serpents; as Subst., a kind of locust, and the ichneumon [wasp].
These you may eat: the arbeh after its kind, and the sela'am after its kind, and the chargol after its kind, and the chagav after its kind....
The Torah lists four types of kosher grasshoppers (and addsaccording to its kindafter each, which the Talmud explains to include four further kinds). It's difficult to definitively translate the four names which appear here. But consider the following. Although there are over ten thousand species of grasshoppers, only a few dozen are locusts – i.e., grasshoppers that form swarms. And of the few dozen species of locusts, only four occur in Biblical lands! And of these four, by far the most common swarming locust is the desert locust, Schistocercia gregaria, which occasionally appears in swarms in Egypt and Israel even today... Second place is taken by the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, while the Egyptian locust and Moroccan locust come in a distant third and fourth place.
Of these you may eat the following: locusts of every variety; all varieties of bald locust; crickets of every variety; and all varieties of grasshopper.
From this [locust] category, you may eat the following: The red locust after its species, the yellow locust after its species, the spotted gray locus after its species and the white locust after its species.
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The Kata Biblon Wiki English Translation (WET) and Wiki Latin Translation are publicly editable translations of the Greek New Testament, Greek Septuagint, and Hebrew Bible.