^a See Rv. 14:8.

^b Gk. μεμισημένου, having been hated.

^a Gk. πορνεύω. Same in Rv. 18:9.

^b Gk. πλουτέω. Same in Rv. 18:15, 19.

^c Gk. δύναμις, power.

^a See Jer. 51:6: Get out of Babylonia quickly, you foreign people. / Flee to save your lives. / Do not let yourselves be killed because of her sins. / For it is time for the Lord to wreak his revenge. / He will pay Babylonia back for what she has done; Jer 51:45 Get out of Babylon, my people! / Flee to save your lives / from the fierce anger of the Lord!; and Jer. 50:8-9: 50:8 “People of Judah, get out of Babylon quickly! / Leave the land of Babylonia! / Be the first to depart! / Be like the male goats that lead the herd. / 50:9 For I will rouse into action and bring against Babylon / a host of mighty nations from the land of the north... (NET).

^a Gk. ἐκολλήθησαν αὐτῆς αἱ ἁμαρτίαι, her sins joined themselves together (to each other).

^b Gk. ἄχρι, until.

^a Gr. διπλώσατε αὐτῇ διπλᾶ or διπλώσατε τὰ διπλᾶ, lit. double to her double or double the double.

^b Net Bible note on Is. 40:2: ...The principle of the double portion in punishment is also seen in Jer 16:18; 17:18 and Rev 18:6. For examples of the double portion in Israelite law, see Exod 22:4, 7, 9 (double restitution by a thief) and Deut 21:17 (double inheritance portion for the firstborn).

^c That is, water and wine. Ratio could be anywhere from 3:1 to 1:2, the latter for drowning one's sorrows. Unmixed wine was considered barbaric. (See also Rv 14:10n.)

^d A double portion, or double strength (i.e., double for her whatever ratio of wine to water that she herself mixed)?

^a The fem. third-person pronoun (αὐτήν) is here translated reflexively (herself) for lack of a better referent. If the pronoun were neuter (αὐτό), it could refer back to the cup in 18:6, to wit: she celebrated and indulged in the cup in which she mixed for herself. Alternatively, the verse could be: it celebrated and indulged her.

^b See Is. 47:5-9: 47:5 “Sit silently! Go to a hiding place, / O daughter of the Babylonians! / Indeed, you will no longer be called ‘Queen of kingdoms....’ / 47:7 You said, / ‘I will rule forever as permanent queen!’ / You did not think about these things; / you did not consider how it would turn out. / 47:8 So now, listen to this, / O one who lives so lavishly, / who lives securely, / who says to herself, / ‘I am unique! No one can compare to me! / I will never have to live as a widow; / I will never lose my children.’ / 47:9 Both of these will come upon you / suddenly, in one day! / You will lose your children and be widowed. / You will be overwhelmed by these tragedies, / despite your many incantations [LXX: ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σου, for thy sorcery (Brenton)] / and your numerous amulets [LXX: ἐν τῇ ἰσχύι τῶν ἐπαοιδῶν σου, for the strength of thine enchantments (Brenton)] (NET).

^a Gk. εἷς, one.

^b See Jer. 50:31-32: 50:31 Listen! I am opposed to you, you proud city, / says the Lord God who rules over all. / Indeed, your day of reckoning has come, / the time when I will punish you. / 50:32 You will stumble and fall, you proud city; / no one will help you get up. / I will set fire to your towns; / it will burn up everything that surrounds you (NET).

^a Same as Rv. 18:3.

^b Cf. Ez. 26:15-17.

^a They grieve, but keep their distance. The sense here seems to be that despite their affection for her, they do not come to her aid in her hour of need, but abandon her.

^b Gk. φόβος, a fear; either fear itself, or something that invokes fear.

^c Cf. Ez. 27:33-36: 27:33 When your products went out from the seas, / you satisfied many peoples; / with the abundance of your wealth and merchandise / you enriched the kings of the earth. / 27:34 Now you are wrecked by the seas, in the depths of the waters; / your merchandise and all your company have sunk along with you. / 27:35 All the inhabitants of the coastlands are shocked at you, / and their kings are horribly afraid – their faces are troubled. / 27:36 The traders among the peoples hiss at you; / you have become a horror, and will be no more (NET).

^a Gk. καί, and.

^a Gk. ξύλον θύϊνον, thyine wood.

^b Cf. Ez. 27:12-24.

^a Gk. ἄμωμον, amomum.

^a Gk. ἡ ὀπώρα σου τῆς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ψυχῆς, the fruit of the desire of your soul.

^b The residents of the city no longer have access to goods because the merchants stay away.

^a Same as Rv. 18:3.

^b Like the kings of the earth in Rv. 18:10, the merchants weep and grieve their loss of sales, but do not come to her in her hour of need.